Legal Knowledge and Sharing

What is a Fair Trial ? The right to a fair trial is a norm of international human rights law designed to protect individuals from the unlawful and arbitrary curtailment or deprivation of other basic rights and freedoms, the most prominent of which are the right to life and liberty of the person. The right to a fair trial is applicable to both the determination of an individual's rights and duties in a suit at law and with respect to the determination of any criminal charge against him or her. The right to a fair trial on a criminal charge is considered to start running not only upon the formal lodging of a charge but rather on the date on which State activities substantially affect the situation of the person concerned. Following are the must for fair trial :- a. right of access to a court b. right to equality of arms c. right to hearing by a competent tribunal d. right to hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal e. reasonable opportunity of presenting the parties c

Bill of Exchange Bill of exchange is another type of Negotiable Instrument. It is also in practice in the business sector. A bill of exchange is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the order of, a certain person or to bearer of the instrument. It is defined

Meaning of Negotiable Instrument The word 'negotiable' means 'exchangeable' or 'transferable' by delivery and 'instrument' means a written document. 'Negotiable Instruments means a document which can be legally transferred to another party for money.' Negotiable instruments can be identified as “paper money,” which is commonly known as commercial paper. Thus, negotiable instrument is a document which is given to another person in exchange for money in the business field. It includes a Bill of Exchange, Cheque, Promissory Note or any other document which is transferable in exchange for money like, Government Promissory Note, Hundi, Share warrants, Dividend warrants, Banker's Draft, Bearer Debentures etc. The word Negotiable means 'transferable by delivery', and word Instrument means 'a written document by which a right is created in favour of some person'.